层道排布对T型接头残余应力和焊接变形的影响Effect of Layer Arrangement on Residual Stress and Welding Deformation of T-Joints
李延民,王栋,邵景干,李聪
摘要(Abstract)：
为研究层道排布方式对铝合金T型接头残余应力和焊接变形的影响，首先基于ABAQUS建立了两层两道和两层三道6061-T6铝合金T型接头有限元模型，采用双椭球热源、生死单元法和顺序耦合法对其进行模拟，然后采用TIG焊接得到了相应的焊接接头，用X射线衍射仪测量焊后残余应力，验证了模拟结果。结果表明，层道排布方式对残余应力和Y方向变形量影响较大，与两层三道相比，两层两道接头的横向和纵向残余应力分别降低了50.9%和27.8%，在Y方向焊接变形减小了25.1%。此外，两层两道接头横向残余应力分布更为均匀。从控制残余应力和减小变形的角度考虑，建议铝合金多层多道焊接时优先选用两层两道焊接工艺。
关键词(KeyWords)： 层道排布;铝合金;多层多道焊;残余应力;焊接变形
基金项目(Foundation): 河南省重点研发专项（221111220600）
作者(Author): 李延民,王栋,邵景干,李聪
DOI: 10.19356/j.cnki.1001-3997.20260403.026
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